# Mighty Networks Reviews 2026. Verified Reviews, Pros & Cons | Capterra > Is Mighty Networks the right Community solution for you? Explore 91 verified user reviews from people in industries like yours to make a confident choice. Source: https://www.capterra.com/p/185819/Mighty-Networks/reviews --- Mighty Networks 4.6 (91) Provider data verified by our Software Research team, and reviews moderated by our Reviews Verification team. [Learn more](https://www.capterra.com/our-story/) * * * Last updated March 13th, 2026 # Reviews of Mighty Networks Ease of use 4.2 Customer Service 4.3 ## Pros and Cons in Reviews EH Eleanor H EDE-Learning, 2 - 10 employeesUsed the software for: More than 2 years. “It was the only platform of its kind several years ago, and allowed us to move our participant online forum off of FB groups and into something more private.“ September 13, 2025 EH Eleanor H EDE-Learning, 2 - 10 employeesUsed the software for: More than 2 years. “After using Mighty Networks for several years, this past year we moved to circle.so and (apparently) forgot to cancel our MN subscription.“ September 13, 2025 Becky R Music TeacherMusic, Self-employedUsed the software for: More than 2 years. “There are multiple layers within the membership I'm part of, and I find them all clear to understand and interact with.“ December 12, 2025 AT Avery T CEOHealth, Wellness and Fitness, 2 - 10 employeesUsed the software for: 6-12 months. “community chat is also buggy and doesn't always update and requires a manual refresh“ May 13, 2022 TW Tim W PresidentComputer Software, 2 - 10 employeesUsed the software for: Less than 6 months. “I was able to build a community portal with my own brand colors quickly and easily.“ December 4, 2024 RP Redley P Network Engineer / Student / FreelancerComputer Networking, 11 - 50 employeesUsed the software for: Less than 6 months. “Analytics are basicYou won't get super detailed analytics and data.“ January 15, 2023 Becky R Music TeacherMusic, Self-employedUsed the software for: More than 2 years. “Events easy to add to my calendar.“ December 12, 2025 AT Avery T CEOHealth, Wellness and Fitness, 2 - 10 employeesUsed the software for: 6-12 months. “users said the Ux Interface was hard to navigate and they couldn't always find what they were looking for.“ May 13, 2022 ## Showing most helpful reviews Showing 1-25 of 91 Reviews Sort by: Most Helpful Rating Company Size Reviewer's Role Length of Use Frequency of Use Becky R. Music Teacher Music Used the software for: 2+ years ### "Easy to navigate, 100% supports my learning within membership levels." December 12, 2025 5.0 Overall great. I've been part of the membership for 3 years, and always find it easier to navigate than other membership's platforms. Impressive!! Pros Amazing platform for hosting a course community. I've been on the student side only. Intuitive to navigate and looks like a very powerful program. There are multiple layers within the membership I'm part of, and I find them all clear to understand and interact with. Payment notifications have been clear and upfront. Events easy to add to my calendar. Cons I just wish that upon rsvp'ing to attend an event, that it could be AUTOMATICALLY added to my calendar. I have to remember to select the add, and sometimes I forget. Review Source TW Tim W. President Computer Software Used the software for: Less than 6 months ### "Might Networks helps take our customer engagement to the next level" December 4, 2024 5.0 Mighty Networks was an excellent find. I looked at other solutions (demos, trials) and once I started a trial of Mighty Networks, I knew I had found the right solution for my company. For the feature set, it has a great price point. Pros I found Mighty Networks to have a great balance of ease of use with more advanced features. The aesthetics (UI, fonts) are excellent and really standout. I was able to build a community portal with my own brand colors quickly and easily. I like the ability to easily create different types of collections (lessons, content, chat, etc.). Cons So far, I have not found any features that I would mark as a con. Alternatives considered [Circle](https://www.capterra.com/p/10002260/Circle/)[Higher Logic Vanilla](https://www.capterra.com/p/141384/Vanilla/) Reason for choosing Mighty Networks Mighty Networks had a lot of great features like Higher Logic at the price point of Circle.so Switched from [Supportbench](https://www.capterra.com/p/155934/Supportbench/) We needed a way to not only display our user guides but enable a community forum for discussion and networking. Review Source EH Eleanor H. ED E-Learning Used the software for: 2+ years ### "Disappointing customer service experience / Do not recommend" September 13, 2025 1.0 At this point, negative. I do not understand why they cannot afford more grace and understanding to a customer of many years. Our organization is very low on revenue right now (these are hard times all around!) and Mighty Networks refuses to refund the $275 charge that just hit our account for an annual subscription that we will not use. Pros It was the only platform of its kind several years ago, and allowed us to move our participant online forum off of FB groups and into something more private. It is also a pretty cheap option. Cons The platform is cluttered and difficult to use. I also just had an experience with customer support that was very disappointing. After using Mighty Networks for several years, this past year we moved to circle.so and (apparently) forgot to cancel our MN subscription. The annual fee hit just a few days ago ... but reaching out to support (email only) there is ZERO flexibility or understanding. They refuse to offer any grace, and we are stuck with an annual fee for a product we are no longer using. I find this to be frustrating, and just bad business. Review Source PE Pius E. Founder Internet Used the software for: 6-12 months ### "Mighty Networks" April 20, 2022 4.0 Mighty Networks helped me help my customers. I was able to build a community around my business where customers help each other and we help them altogether. This kind of gave my business the superpower of having all the answers for my users because of all the content the members were contributing to the platform. Pros The overall simplicity of the platform in both building one and maintaining functionality. Even as a newcomer to the platform, you can build an extremely advanced community with memberships and courses, because Mighty Networks guides you through the whole process. One other thing I really like is Mighty Networks' commitment to getting your communications to your community members. You are equipped with notification tools, a website, and a mobile app for you to reach your members wherever they are. Cons My major problem with Mighty Networks came when I wanted to integrate its tools with third-party software using Zapier. Mighty Networks' integration with Zapier is not rich enough. For my use case, it did not allow me to send information from my network to another service I was using. Alternatives considered [Wix](https://www.capterra.com/p/169007/Wix/)[Bettermode](https://www.capterra.com/p/178753/Bettermode/) Reason for choosing Mighty Networks Overall it covered most of what I needed in my community, and it also offered a mobile app for better community access. Review Source Response from Mighty Networks April 26, 2022 More Zapier triggers/actions coming soon! JT Jeff T. founder E-Learning Used the software for: 2+ years ### "Mighty Networks for Community Empowered Learning Experiences" December 28, 2019 4.0 I have been using Mighty Networks for a little over two years now and it has been great to see the platform develop and grow. The people at Mighty Networks are fantastic and their availability, feedback, and knowledge have fundamentally and positively altered how I am approaching my business and how I teach. Community empowered education is the future of online learning and Mighty Networks is a fantastic starting point for those interested in designing free or paid collaborative learning experiences. Pros The power of MN lies in its core focus on community design and engagement. It is easy to get started, produce content and engage with members in various contexts. The community surrounding the software and the support from the people at Mighty Networks is incredibly strong and transcends the use of the software. They are supportive not just in using the software but also in designing meaningful and successful digital communities. Cons As with any third-party platform, there are substantive limitations to the customization and design options available to hosts. There is no "getting under the hood" to tweak usability, SEO, functionality, default member settings, member communications, landing page design, etc. The course design options within the network are solid but lack many features of comparable offerings like Teachable and Thinkific. The strength of the course options lay in its community-first approach to learning experiences but if you require detailed student tracking, dedicated project spaces, integrated feedback options, etc. other LMS options would be a better fit. Alternatives considered [Teachable](https://www.capterra.com/p/147019/Teachable/)[Thinkific](https://www.capterra.com/p/132888/Thinkific/) Reason for choosing Mighty Networks The community building options, as well as the potential for student collaboration, is much much stronger within Mighty Networks. My long term strategic goals align more with a community first, content follows approach to creative education and mighty networks core values and approach are a solid fit. Switched from [Rainmaker Platform](https://www.capterra.com/p/198198/Rainmaker-Platform/) The community building and design options within the platform were severely limited and dated (a forum) at the time. Review Source Response from Mighty Networks January 3, 2020 We really appreciate this thoughtful review Jeff and are honored to hear that our approach to community design has impacted your own teaching. CL Cathy L. Co Director Non-Profit Organization Management Used the software for: 1-2 years ### "Great alternative to standard social media options!!" July 27, 2021 4.0 Launching our Mighty Network was a game changer for our nonprofit. We have been able to expand into the online space and reach a much broader audience. We are also building true community in our Premium subscription network, as well as being able to mentor and train others in what we do. Overall it's been a great option for our nonprofit. Pros I love that Mighty Networks is its own network and free of all the other social media platforms. I also love the combination with content in the context of community. Community is one of our highest values. I also appreciate the convenience of the app. Cons One big con is that there is no way to do live videos. Would really like this feature to be added. Also, navigation is a little cumbersome and confusing for new members. I have made my own tutorials for our network to try and help make the learning curve more manageable. One of the biggest user complaints is "I don't know how to find things..." I spend a lot of time helping our members troubleshoot. The IOS app limitation for purchasing plans is also confusing - although I do appreciate that I don't have to sell on IOS. Alternatives considered [Teachable](https://www.capterra.com/p/147019/Teachable/)[Bettermode](https://www.capterra.com/p/178753/Bettermode/)[Podia](https://www.capterra.com/p/160788/Coach/)[Kajabi](https://www.capterra.com/p/154682/Kajabi/)[Meta for Business](https://www.capterra.com/p/213257/Facebook/) Reason for choosing Mighty Networks Focus on community - which is vital to what we are doing. Review Source SC Susan C. Co-Host Professional Training & Coaching Used the software for: 2+ years ### "Terrific for Creators and Community" July 9, 2021 5.0 Our goal was to create a global community committed to leadership and career development. One where privacy was assured and time zones could be easily spanned. The option of delivering courses in various formats along with posting content and other events makes MN the perfect platform for reaching our goal. Pros Mighty Network (MN) is an extremely robust platform for creating and nurturing a community of people with shared interests and a focus on transformation of some kind. It offers a wide range of options and a terrific support team of MN employees and other users. The design is values-driven and the MN team are constantly enhancing it for ease of use and functionality. Cons The wide ranging options made start-up a bit complicated, but that was handled well by the support team, the Community Design course and the generous comments of other users. Alternatives considered [Meta for Business](https://www.capterra.com/p/213257/Facebook/) Reason for choosing Mighty Networks Facebook is just plain evil. The disinformation rife in the platform and the unethical sharing of information meant we had to look elsewhere. We love that fact that with MN we own the data and it can't be shared by MN. A generic website or blog were too limited in what they offered and would have required multiple add-ons in order to offer events and courses. Review Source JA Jessica A. Owner/Instructor Arts and Crafts Used the software for: 1-2 years ### "Mighty Networks is fantastic for e-schools" July 22, 2021 5.0 I started out with a free membership, and jumped into the paid version after my LMS system was hacked on my Wordpress site. I love the security that comes with Mighty Networks! I have evolved and grown with my Mighty Network and experimented with features with my community, and I appreciate the flexibility of Mighty Networks. I'm in for life! Pros I love the intimate community and intuitive layout of Mighty Networks. It evolves with your community or school curriculum. Cons I REALLY wish I could make an album/gallery and that my student could too. It would be SO much easier for them to share their artwork and see thumbnail views at a glance. I've worked around it and students make articles instead and add photos. But many of my students have asked for an album feature or the ability to post multiple pictures to a post. Switched from [LifterLMS](https://www.capterra.com/p/194458/LifterLMS/) My previous wordpress website got spammed, Mighty Networks feels secure! Review Source Wayne H. Founder Management Consulting Used the software for: 6-12 months ### "Perfect for running my online mastermind community" July 11, 2021 5.0 Pros Mighty Networks is great because it just makes sense for building online communities OUTSIDE of facebook or LinkedIn etc. Cons I do not have anything I like the least... Mighty offers an online community for me to interact with other community builders and employees of Mighty Networks. They truly answer all questions and teach me a lot. Switched from [Kajabi](https://www.capterra.com/p/154682/Kajabi/) Because Kajabi is good for courses but their community feature is poor. Review Source Ani P. Pain relief specialist Health, Wellness and Fitness Used the software for: 1-2 years ### "Build Your Community With Ease" October 30, 2021 5.0 Very positive, they have good educational weekly programs that will help you in your journey to build your community. Pros How you can build a community, individual groups, paid or free, create courses all in one platform. Cons How their payment system was set up. I also couldn't setup an affiliate program for my course. Alternatives considered [Kajabi](https://www.capterra.com/p/154682/Kajabi/) Reason for choosing Mighty Networks At the time the price was very compatible with similar products, also a friend was using and she recommended. Switched from [Teachable](https://www.capterra.com/p/147019/Teachable/) I wanted to have a place where I can not only build online courses but also build a community. Review Source VR Verified Reviewer Consutant Computer Hardware Used the software for: 2+ years ### "Great application for building a community or network" January 20, 2025 5.0 Overall, its an application that I would suggest to someone looking to build community and grow their own network without using some of the major social media platforms. Pros The Ease of use with this application is great. I was able to build an online community quite easily. Cons Some features were a little comfusing and took longer to understand but once I learned those features, it was a breeze to implement. Review Source CL Cindi L. Training Program Manager Computer Software Used the software for: 6-12 months ### "Great Community Hosting Platform" July 9, 2021 5.0 I am using Mighty Networks to host an online software and hardware training community for my company's products. I provide both general and custom assistance with "how do I" and "what is" software questions that are not in tech support's wheelhouse and I offer tips and techniques based on user questions and needs. Answers fellow users provide to help each other are vetted for accuracy and modified if needed. We are gradually weaning people away from clogging up tech support phone lines with issues based on operator ignorance. Thus far only 2% of our users are taking advantage of this service, so there's a lot of growth to come. Pros 1\. Mobility: Mighty Networks ability to enable me to create a community website with paid options that could be easily accessed on a computer, tablet or phone, without me having to have extensive staff or knowledge to produce different versions of content. 2. Reliability: The software doesn't fail. I haven't had any worries about my users being able to access content or the community. 3. Support: Mighty Networks' staff has been very responsive and helpful. When I have a problem, if the answer isn't on their helpdesk, I get a return message/email within 24 hours and they walk me through the solution. 4. Growth: I like that they have a roadmap and that they continue to expand their capabilities and give users heads up when they're coming and what they're doing so that we know what to expect and whether it will benefit or impact the services we offer through the gateway of Mighty Networks. FYI, adding the automated tax solution for transactions was HUGE. I look forward to the "Spaces" innovation that is coming soon. Cons The biggest con for me is the lack of customer/user management features. I am not notified the instant someone cancels; in fact,. it's rare that I'm notified at all. I have to run daily reports and compare them to my existing database of members, to ensure I've welcomed everyone new, see who's been retained and who chose to leave. I can't just look at a settings file online and get a customer database and status report based on the individuals. It's a little frustrating how many outside products/apps I need to subscribe to, learn, master and keep "up" on, etc. to be able to do everything I need to do to serve my community and make it worth paying for. There's Stripe and the tax software, I can't live without Typeform to be able to steer my users to the appropriate purchase price, and I need YouTube or Vimeo to host videos, and Zoom for meetings and webinars (used to use Crowdcast Pro, have since let that go). Review Source VR Verified Reviewer Teacher E-Learning Used the software for: 1-2 years ### "Community Forum" June 15, 2023 5.0 I am happy to have this app to connect with people in my community. It is nice to have a group solely focused on the subject at hand. Mighty Networks allows information to be shared between community members. Pros I like that it is a way to connect with people in a group I am in. People can post and share ideas as well as comment. It is relatively easy to see what has been posted and to follow the discussion. Cons I don't find the interface to be the most easy to use. I was in another group on another app and it seemed easier to navigate than this. However, it is easy enough to use. I just don't find myself using it as much as I used the other app when I was in the other group. Review Source AJ Amy J. Values & Idea Integrator Professional Training & Coaching Used the software for: 1-2 years ### "I love Mighty Networks" May 4, 2023 5.0 Mighty Networks offers resources that support my growth as a business owner to thrive in this ever-changing world. I sought MN out because I wanted an alternative to FB, and I'm so grateful I did. I received far more than another option - I discovered a new way of showing up and growing my business, serving my clients and members - and, most importantly, making it fun! Mighty inspires me to up-level my business and think differently about how a community can support my business. Pros Mighty Networks is amazing! Not only do I like the cultural software, but the support of the whole MN team and their standout guides is better than anything else out there. Adding spaces has been a game changer for the organization of my community. And I really like the other hosts who are on MN. Hands down it's the best out there. Cons Sometimes it can be difficult to navigate through the new tech, but they have incredible host support that whenever I've had a problem, it's been resolved and that is the most important thing. Review Source SS Saskia S. Empowerment Coach Health, Wellness and Fitness Used the software for: Less than 6 months ### "The Best Community Software " July 20, 2021 5.0 Pros When I started my online community, I didn't want to rely on Facebook and I also wanted software that would allow me to share pre-recorded workshops etc. Mighty Networks really is the best of both worlds. If you include topics you can easily build a resource database for your members AND you have a social media feed where members can interact with each other. It's super easy to use, much cheaper than Kajabi and the likes (which imo don't really work for a membership anyways) and the customer service is the best. Cons Here are some smaller adjustments that I'd like to see in the future: - option to choose more than one topic for an article - embedment of audio, instead of file sharing - migrate members from monthly to annual plans - plans in NZD - more options to adjust the landing page - free trial period for members without having to put in credit card details (and allow members to use the whole trial period even if they cancel earlier) Alternatives considered [WordPress](https://www.capterra.com/p/131687/WordPress/)[Kajabi](https://www.capterra.com/p/154682/Kajabi/) Reason for choosing Mighty Networks \- ease of use - price - social media aspect Review Source TF Taryn F. Healing Coach E-Learning Used the software for: 6-12 months ### "Starting w/a Following vs. From Scratch" September 12, 2022 5.0 Overall, I've used MN for a company that had a small following and it's been a wonderful place for community to thrive and folks are still poking around at all the resources that are available! However, I did also start one for my personal coaching business and without a following it's been tricky to funnel folks in even using the tactics they tell you. Pros I have been project manager getting our community site up and running AND I've started a MN for my own company. I do appreciate how supportive the resources and livestreams MN creates are for folks getting started. There's a robust amount of customization and they add new features regularly based on feedback. I've dreamed up multiple ways to use their 'course' feature (resources, course, ambassador resources, table of contents, session notes) -- and MN allows you the customizing ability to change language around how their courses are labeled within. Cons MN is limiting in it's features for plans. There have been a few times I've had an idea for how I'd like to accomplish, price and sell a plan, but am unable to do so based on their configuration. Also, I don't think it's intuitive for community members to navigate (and I'm tech savvy). You could see this in your free trial, but it does take a while to get the hang of all the different 'containers' and how to get back to the main feed from those containers + customizing all the settings for different groups (great feature, just a lot to customize). Reason for choosing Mighty Networks We wanted to charge access to the community + resources Review Source AMC Anna Marie C. Founder Civic & Social Organization Used the software for: 2+ years ### "All-in-one Solution for Community Engagement" July 10, 2021 5.0 Business problems we're trying to solve - connecting a global community of entrepreneurs and leaders who share a common heritage, building entrepreneurship skills, and driving financial inclusion. Pros The aesthetics, affordability, and functionality are what initially drew me to the platform. The features that are customizable include: creating groups, courses, and membership levels. Cons Lack of real time customer support and onboarding are challenging. The Community Design course and the Mighty Hosts group are very helpful but when you need that quick response, the chat takes 24 hours to respond. Alternatives considered [Hivebrite](https://www.capterra.com/p/147279/Hivebrite/)[Kajabi](https://www.capterra.com/p/154682/Kajabi/) Reason for choosing Mighty Networks Cost and ease of use. Review Source CJ Caroline J. Mighty Network Owner Arts and Crafts Used the software for: 2+ years ### "Great, but could add valuable features" July 20, 2021 5.0 It has been positive, for the most part, but I struggle to know if I will continue as key functions don't appear to be on the horizon, such as the gallery/album feature I mentioned above. Pros The simple interface for members is positive and I like the course integration. Cons There are a few things...first, I would love a photo album feature. This is a big problem for community. We share photos and the live feed loses a lot of posts over time. I also really hate that we have internal and external plans for workshop sign ups. It is a bad business plan to add key strokes to any process asking for a sale! It is wildly confusing to everyone too. Review Source TM Tara M. CEO E-Learning Used the software for: 2+ years ### "Mighty Networks makes what we do possible" December 30, 2019 5.0 Mighty Networks has helped us build a robust private network for small business owners. We appreciate their desire to improve the software, adapt to user needs, and pioneer new ideas. It's been an absolute pleasure working with the Mighty Networks team! Pros Mighty Networks makes it possible for us to bring small business owners together so they can learn from each other. We appreciate having a private, well-organized space for conversation. We also love the features that help members find each other and get to know each other better. Cons Mighty Networks is pretty darn intuitive--but it can be a learning curve for some members. We've found this can be overcome by simply creating resources and events that help members navigate the space and experience the platform. Review Source Response from Mighty Networks January 3, 2020 We really appreciate this Tara! Thanks for highlighting the ways it helps your members connect. We're honored to have the What Works community on the Mighty Networks platform. DF Donny F. Director Sports Used the software for: 1-2 years ### "Halfway there" July 24, 2021 3.0 Useful but missing features Pros Its ideal and layout and what could be done with it, but has a lot of limits still Cons Customer support is no good. I dont even bother reaching out anymore. Also costs for making it your own app are horrendous Review Source VR Verified Reviewer Marketing / LinkedIn Consultant and Speaker Events Services Used the software for: 1-2 years ### "Ideal for community builders" December 24, 2019 5.0 It has been great for building community around a topic Pros No ads, no algorithms, well designed and intuitive Cons More needs to be done to encourage members to keep revisiting the group. On Facebook groups , users have a habit of visiting groups, but they haven't with Mighty Networks. This is a big drawback for me. Review Source Response from Mighty Networks January 3, 2020 Thanks for the feedback! We'll take it back to our team, as we are always looking at new ideas to help Mighty Networks Hosts keep their members engaged with things like email, mobile notifications, and messaging. LP Lisa P. Running Coach Health, Wellness and Fitness Used the software for: 6-12 months ### "Love this platform!" December 24, 2019 5.0 I've loved everything about it so far. Very user friendly, I love all the options I have within the platform (I use the highest level plan) from having different groups to the courses I can create. I have barely tapped into everything I want to do with it. From the CEO to staff, everyone has been so helpful in engaging and responding to questions. Absolutely loved the Masterclass they offered as well! Pros I love how easy it is to use and all the engagement I can get out of it without any other distractions. I love the Masterclass which really helped me learn so much more about it. Cons I love a lot about it but there are some functionalities missing. I am impressed with how they respond to requests and how open they are about what they can and can't do and what items are priorities. Review Source Response from Mighty Networks January 3, 2020 Thank you Lisa! We love hearing that you find your Mighty Network easy to use and distraction-free. We appreciate you highlighting your experience in our Community Design Masterclass too! KA Katie A. Executive Director Non-Profit Organization Management Used the software for: 6-12 months ### "Depends on what you use it for" July 27, 2021 4.0 Eh. It's pretty limited. Pros The newsfeed style is great and our audience likes it since it feels like Facebook. The login is also easy. Cons The "plans" and pay gates are a mess. You can't delete a plan once you've created it and the structure/permissions are confusing at best. There's also a severe limit on indexing content you upload. You can only tag things once, so if you're organizing content by topic you have to upload multiple times to have it appear under different tags. Pretty shortsighted in that regard. Review Source SA Scott A. Director Management Consulting Used the software for: 6-12 months ### "User Experience " January 6, 2020 5.0 Side stepping FB & L-I filters (owning contacts) and having direct access to members is great! MN team support/responsiveness and Mighty-Hosts community are real game changers. As users we feel/are connected and supported. Pros It is mostly intuitive and easy to use, navigate, get to know. The same ease-of-use is experienced by most new community members - and this IS our member experience priority! Cons Limited options for 3rd party payment platforms. "STRIPE or nothing" is no choice. Reason for choosing Mighty Networks The ability in 1 platform for membership, community, events, programs/courses, product sales, sub groups and communications. And the community design masterclass as an aid to getting started. Review Source Response from Mighty Networks July 7, 2020 Thanks for the specific feedback Scott! Darryl D. Book Author Publishing Used the software for: 6-12 months ### "Good but not perfect" April 7, 2020 4.0 Mixed experience. Good platform, but I wanted a bit more control. Pros It is a good alternative to big social media platforms. It allows a lot of features that encourage participation. Cons We used it as a course platform, and felt a bit frustrated that we couldn't control some of the features. Review Source Response from Mighty Networks April 13, 2020 Thanks for the feedback Darryl! We'd love to hear what you wanted more control over in the Courses feature. Talk to a Capterra advisor for free and get results within 15 minutes.